【知识】水泥雕塑小品的制作工艺（图）

水泥雕塑小品是采用水泥砂浆等材料制作的水泥假山、动植物及雕塑人物小品，与大型塑雕塑相比较小，一般高度不超过5米，面积在200平方以内。水泥雕塑小品的仿造类型较多，一般有自然奇石造型，还有园林假山小品，仿造的石材料有太湖石、千层石、龟纹石等，类型较多，纹理种类也比较繁杂。

水泥雕塑小品主要运用于室内外环境中的布景，装饰场所、景观布置常有涉及。水泥雕塑小品塑假山的施工工艺类似，但更注重细节和纹理的搭配。在水泥雕塑小品的制作中表面纹理层和着色层是关键的部分，也是能体现效果的部分。制作工艺主要有以下几个方面。

一、水泥雕塑小品的骨架焊接

I. Skeleton Welding of Cement Sculpture Pieces

水泥雕塑小品的骨架包含了钢结构支撑骨架、钢筋层骨架和铁丝网骨架。钢结构支撑骨架在水泥雕塑小品的的制作中主要采用小型角钢，如L4、L5等；钢筋层是整体塑石小品的简单轮廓层，主要采用光圆钢筋焊接而成；铁丝网骨架起到内骨架和水泥砂浆的有机连接。

The skeleton of cement sculpture skeleton includes steel structure support skeleton, steel layer skeleton and wire mesh skeleton. The steel structure support skeleton is mainly made of small angle steel, such as L4, L5, etc. The steel bar layer is the simple outline of the whole plastic stone skeleton, which is mainly welded by smooth steel bars. The wire mesh skeleton serves as an organic connection between the inner skeleton and the cement mortar.

二、水泥雕塑小品的砂浆面层

2. Mortar Surface of Cement Sculptures

水泥雕塑小品的砂浆面层的厚度在2-6公分之间，根据工艺的不同分别采用不同的塑造手法，二、三层砂浆层是纹理的雕刻的层，是水泥雕塑小品的的主要制作层，与仿真度有很大的关系，主要由美工或者经验丰富的大师傅来完成。

The thickness of mortar surface layer of cement sculpture sketches is between 2 and 6 centimeters. According to the different technology, different shaping methods are adopted. The second and third layers of mortar layer are the texture sculpture layer and the main production layer of cement sculpture sketches. They are closely related to the degree of simulation. They are mainly completed by artists or experienced masters.

目前塑石业内主要采用水泥雕刻手法制作，配合多种专业工具。完成的塑石面层表面呈现毛面，纹理清晰也便于着色。

At present, cement sculpture is mainly used in the plastic industry, with a variety of professional tools. The finished surface of the plastic stone surface presents a wool surface, and the texture is clear and easy to colour.

三、水泥雕塑小品的作色工艺

3. Coloring Technology of Cement Sculpture Sketches

作色工艺在水泥雕塑小品的的制作中也比较关键，选材关系到颜色层的使用寿命和仿真度，作色以复色为主，多达5层以上。

Coloring process is also key in the production of cement sculpture sketches. Material selection is related to the service life and Simulation of the color layer. The main coloring process is multi-color, up to five layers.

底色以乳胶漆打底为主，表面颜色分为主色和点缀色，丙烯颜料色系众多，便于调色，适合于室内塑石；室外以高性能抗紫外线的材料为主，如氧化铁颜料、乳胶漆加色浆等。

The base color is mainly latex paint, and the surface color is divided into main color and decorative color. There are many acrylic pigments, which are easy to tone and suitable for indoor plastics. Outdoor materials are mainly high-performance anti-ultraviolet materials, such as iron oxide pigments, latex paint and color paste.

作色完成，也就接近了水泥雕塑小品的的制作尾声，绿植种植、爬藤布置和仿真植物的搭配都是水泥雕塑小品的外部点缀的一部分，在施工中均涉及。

Completion of coloring is also close to the end of the production of cement sculpture sketches. Green planting, climbing vine arrangement and the collocation of simulated plants are all part of the external embellishment of cement sculpture sketches, which are involved in construction.

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